Fluorite is an important non-metallic mineral raw material, which is widely used in chemical industry, iron and steel, aluminum smelting, ceramics and other industries. It is the main raw material for the preparation of fluorine. With the development of science and technology, the use of fluorite in high-tech industries is gradually increasing. It has become an important strategic mineral resource. The mineral processing and separation technology of fluorite is an important means to improve the grade of fluorite, and it is also the basis of fluorine chemical technology.
How to mineral processing seven types of fluorspar
According to the different symbiotic mineral components, fluorspar can be roughly divided into single-type fluorspar, quartz-type fluorspar, sulfide-type fluorspar, calcite-type fluorspar, barite-type fluorspar, silicate-type fluorspar, There are seven types of carbonate fluorite. According to different types of fluorspar, the mineral processing methods are also different. This article will take you to understand the main types of fluorspar and their mineral processing methods.
single type fluorite
Single-type fluorite is almost composed of a single fluorite mineral, with very little content of quartz and calcite, and most of them are produced in veins. This kind of fluorite has less reserves and most of them have been developed. Due to the relatively simple composition, a single fluorite ore generally only needs simple flotation to obtain high-grade concentrate.
Quartz fluorite
Quartz-type fluorite uses fluorite and quartz as the main minerals, and the content of fluorite can reach 80% to 90%, containing a small amount of calcite, barite, and sulfide. The mineral composition of quartz-type fluorite is relatively simple, and it is easy to separate, but it is easy to mix quartz concentrate into fluorite concentrate to increase the content of silica, so the reduction of silicon in concentrate has become the focus of separation of quartz-type fluorite.
Quartz-type fluorite is generally sorted by flotation, and the grinding operation has a great impact on its sorting index. Fine-grained quartz-type fluorspar generally adopts stage grinding stage separation process to ensure that the quartz and fluorite monomers are dissociated without causing over-grinding. Sodium carbonate is used as a pH value regulator during flotation, and oleic acid , Oxidized paraffin soap can be used as a collector, water glass can be used as an inhibitor, and high-grade fluorite concentrate can be separated through multiple selections.
Sulfide type fluorite
Sulfide-type fluorspar has a similar mineral composition to quartz-type fluorspar, but sulfide-type fluorspar contains more heavy metal sulfides. When developing, not only the recovery effect of fluorspar, but also the comprehensiveness of other metal minerals should be considered. Recycle.
For this kind of fluorspar minerals, the method of preferentially flotation metal sulfides and then flotation fluorspar is generally adopted, in which sulfide collectors are used for metal sulfides, and fatty acid collectors are used for fluorspar. On the basis of the flotation process, methods such as roasting and leaching can also be used to separate metal sulfides and fluorite.
calcite type fluorite
The main minerals of calcite-type fluorite are calcite and fluorite, of which the content of calcite is more than 30%, and it also contains metal sulfide minerals such as galena, sphalerite and pyrite. Calcite and fluorite are both calcium-containing minerals, with similar physical and chemical properties, and difficult to separate. Water glass, salinized water glass, acidified water glass, sodium hexametaphosphate, lignin sulfonate can be used under different pulp pH conditions. Inhibitors such as acid salts, dextrins, tannins, and tannins inhibit calcite, and use fatty acid collectors as fluorite collectors to achieve the separation of calcite and fluorite.
barite type fluorite
Barite-type fluorite is mainly composed of barite and fluorite, and the content of barite is between 10% and 40%. Ore, sphalerite, and a small amount of calcite are associated.
The floatability of barite and fluorite is similar, and the method of mixed flotation is generally adopted. Sodium carbonate is used to adjust the pH value, and water glass is used as an inhibitor to obtain a mixed concentrate of barite and fluorite, and then flotation is used to separate barite and fluorite. fluorite.
silicalite type fluorite
Silica-type fluorite is formed by sedimentation, in which fluorite is generally distributed in shale, mica-quartz schist, quartzite in siliceous rocks.
This kind of ore has a lot of primary slime, and the embedded particle size is uneven. The concentrate obtained by conventional flotation method has a high silica content, which can be improved by adding chemical pretreatment in the grinding stage, and then flotation , can effectively suppress the silicate gangue minerals in this type of minerals.
Carbonate fluorspar
Carbonate-type fluorite is also formed by sedimentation. Fluorite is distributed in limestone and marble in fine granular form, and forms a granular co-joined mosaic structure or variable crystal structure with calcite or dolomite, and some form stripes, bands, micro layer to lamellar structure. The main minerals are fluorite and calcite, and the calcium carbonate content is about 30%.
Due to the similar flotation properties of fluorite and calcium carbonate, this type of fluorite is difficult to select. When fatty acid is used as a collector, high temperature slurry treatment at 50-60°C is required, and calcium inhibitors are added. However, this method The investment cost is large, the floor area is large, and the production cost is relatively high.
In conclusion
In addition to the main types of fluorspar mentioned above, there are other types of fluorspar. When fluorspar is associated with a variety of minerals, it is more difficult to sort. The selection of flotation reagents and the flotation sequence are the key factors affecting the sorting effect. It is recommended to determine the mineral processing of fluorite through mineral processing tests in actual production, and build the mineral processing plant scientifically and rationally to avoid economic losses.